![MAS.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c55cf7_5c654818b62741638691819d7ce2ccaf~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_272,h_151,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/MAS.jpg)
Modern American Shamanism
Introduction to the
Elder Futhark
![fehu1.png](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c55cf7_2c252663d47c47dea0ba96635ed585a7~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_26,h_56,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/fehu1.png)
Fehu
Sound: “f”
Stands for: Cattle
Uruz
Sound: “oo”
Stands for: Auroch (like a wild ox)
Thurisaz
Sound: “th”
Stands for: Thorn (or Giant)
Ansuz
Sound: “aa” as in “aah”
Stands for: Mouth (or Divine Breath)
Raidho
Sound: “r”
Stands for: Wheel, Cartwheel (or Riding)
Kenaz
Sound: “k”
Stands for: Torch
Color: Yellow
Gebo
Sound: “g” as in “gift”
Stands for: Gift
Wunjo
Sound: “w”, “v”
Stands for: Joy
Hagalaz
Sound: “h”
Stands for: Hail, Hailstone
Naudhiz
Sound: “n”
Stands for: Necessity (or Need)
Isa
Sound: “i”, “ee” as in “east”
Stands for: Ice
Jera
Sound: “j” like the “y” in “year”
Stands for: Harvest (or Year or Season)
Eihwaz
Sound: “eo”, “æ”
Stands for: Yew Tree
Perdhro
Sound: “p”
Stands for: Dice Cup (there are many variations)
Elhaz
Elhaz
Sound: “zz” as in “buzz”
Stands for: Elk (or Protection)
Sowulo
Sound: “s”
Stands for: Sun
Teiwaz
Sound: “t”
Stands for: Creator
Sound: “b”
Stands for: Birch Tree (or Birch Twig)
Berkana
Sound: “b”
Stands for: Birch Tree (or Birch Twig)
Color: White (Blue)
Casting meaning: Like the birch tree coming to life from a seed planted in the earth, Berkana represents a new beginning and is also a powerful birth rune.
Ehwaz
Sound: “e” as in “every”
Stands for: Horse
Mannaz
Sound: “m”
Stands for: Man (as in human, not gender)
per hand in disputes and arguments.
Laguz
Sound: “l”
Stands for: Water (or Lake)
Inguz
Sound: “ng” as in “long”
Stands for: Fertility
Dagaz
Sound: “d”
Stands for: Day
Othala
Sound: “o” as in “old”
Stands for: Home (or Odla – sacred ancestral land)
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